Saint Denis: First Bishop of Paris

Saint Denis was the Bishop of Paris in the 3rd century. His name is sometimes written as “Denys” It is not known exactly when he was born or when he died.

But He is venerated in the Catholic Church as the patron saint of France and Paris and is accounted one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. Today, he is also one of the Patron saints of Paris.

It is said that Denis was sent from Roman Italia to convert Gaul, as France was then known. He was sent out with 6 other missionary bishops under the direction of Pope Fabian.

The 6th century historian Gregory of Tours states that Denis was designated bishop of the Parisii. However Denis and his companions were so effective in converting people that the local pagan priests became alarmed over their loss of followers.

At their instigation, the Romans arrested the missionaries.  Denis was persecuted by Roman Emperor Decius and eventually beheaded by a sword.

Local tradition holds that Saint Denis then carried his own head up the hill before he died. As such, statues of him are often depicted holding his head in his arms.

For Christian pilgrims and the devout, the name Montmartre comes from the legend of Saint Denis, who was beheaded by the Romans in the 3rd century BC, along with his companions Saint Rustique and Saint Éleuthère.

In the early days, there was no formal canonization, but was regulated by the bishop of the diocese who decided who was a saint or not.The name became “‘Mont des Martyrs” or “mountain of martys”, and then Montmartre.

The city of Saint-Denis and department of Saint-Seine-Denis just north of Paris are named after him. In addition, the Basilique Cathédrale de Saint-Denis is one of the most famous churches and cathedrals in France.